# Repository: https://gitlab.com/quantify-os/quantify-scheduler
# Licensed according to the LICENCE file on the main branch
"""
Module containing schedules for common time domain experiments such as a Rabi and
T1 measurement.
"""
from typing import List, Literal, Union
import numpy as np
from quantify_scheduler.enums import BinMode
from quantify_scheduler.operations.acquisition_library import SSBIntegrationComplex
from quantify_scheduler.operations.control_flow_library import LoopOperation
from quantify_scheduler.operations.gate_library import X90, Measure, Reset, Rxy, X, Y
from quantify_scheduler.operations.pulse_library import (
DRAGPulse,
IdlePulse,
SquarePulse,
)
from quantify_scheduler.resources import ClockResource
from quantify_scheduler.schedules.schedule import Schedule
[docs]
def rabi_sched(
pulse_amp: Union[np.ndarray, float],
pulse_duration: Union[np.ndarray, float],
frequency: float,
qubit: str,
port: str = None,
clock: str = None,
repetitions: int = 1,
) -> Schedule:
"""
Generate a schedule for performing a Rabi using a Gaussian pulse.
Schedule sequence
.. centered:: Reset -- DRAG -- Measure
Parameters
----------
pulse_amp
amplitude of the Rabi pulse in V.
pulse_duration
duration of the Gaussian shaped Rabi pulse. Corresponds to 4 sigma.
frequency
frequency of the qubit 01 transition.
qubit
the qubit on which to perform a Rabi experiment.
port
location on the chip where the Rabi pulse should be applied.
if set to :code:`None`, will use the naming convention :code:`"<qubit>:mw"` to
infer the port.
clock
name of the location in frequency space where to apply the Rabi pulse.
if set to :code:`None`, will use the naming convention :code:`"<qubit>.01"` to
infer the clock.
repetitions
The amount of times the Schedule will be repeated.
"""
# ensure pulse_amplitude and pulse_duration are iterable.
amps = np.asarray(pulse_amp)
amps = amps.reshape(amps.shape or (1,))
durations = np.asarray(pulse_duration)
durations = durations.reshape(durations.shape or (1,))
# either the shapes of the amp and duration must match or one of
# them must be a constant floating point value.
if len(amps) == 1:
amps = np.ones(np.shape(durations)) * amps
elif len(durations) == 1:
durations = np.ones(np.shape(amps)) * durations
elif len(durations) != len(amps):
raise ValueError(
f"Shapes of pulse_amplitude ({pulse_amp.shape}) and "
f"pulse_duration ({pulse_duration.shape}) are incompatible."
)
if port is None:
port = f"{qubit}:mw"
if clock is None:
clock = f"{qubit}.01"
schedule = Schedule("Rabi", repetitions)
schedule.add_resource(ClockResource(name=clock, freq=frequency))
for i, (amp, duration) in enumerate(zip(amps, durations)):
schedule.add(Reset(qubit), label=f"Reset {i}")
schedule.add(
DRAGPulse(
duration=duration,
G_amp=amp,
D_amp=0,
port=port,
clock=clock,
phase=0,
),
label=f"Rabi_pulse {i}",
)
# N.B. acq_channel is not specified
schedule.add(Measure(qubit, acq_index=i), label=f"Measurement {i}")
return schedule
[docs]
def t1_sched(
times: Union[np.ndarray, float],
qubit: str,
repetitions: int = 1,
) -> Schedule:
"""
Generate a schedule for performing a :math:`T_1` experiment to measure the qubit
relaxation time.
Schedule sequence
.. centered:: Reset -- pi -- Idle(tau) -- Measure
See section III.B.2. of :cite:t:`krantz_quantum_2019` for an explanation of the Bloch-Redfield
model of decoherence and the :math:`T_1` experiment.
Parameters
----------
times
an array of wait times tau between the start of pi-pulse and the measurement.
qubit
the name of the qubit e.g., :code:`"q0"` to perform the T1 experiment on.
repetitions
The amount of times the Schedule will be repeated.
Returns
-------
:
An experiment schedule.
"""
# ensure times is an iterable when passing floats.
times = np.asarray(times)
times = times.reshape(times.shape or (1,))
schedule = Schedule("T1", repetitions)
for i, tau in enumerate(times):
schedule.add(Reset(qubit), label=f"Reset {i}")
schedule.add(X(qubit), label=f"pi {i}")
schedule.add(
Measure(qubit, acq_index=i),
ref_pt="start",
rel_time=tau,
label=f"Measurement {i}",
)
return schedule
[docs]
def ramsey_sched(
times: Union[np.ndarray, float],
qubit: str,
artificial_detuning: float = 0,
repetitions: int = 1,
) -> Schedule:
r"""
Generate a schedule for performing a Ramsey experiment to measure the
dephasing time :math:`T_2^{\star}`.
Schedule sequence
.. centered:: Reset -- pi/2 -- Idle(tau) -- pi/2 -- Measure
See section III.B.2. of :cite:t:`krantz_quantum_2019` for an explanation of the Bloch-Redfield
model of decoherence and the Ramsey experiment.
Parameters
----------
times
an array of wait times tau between the start of the first pi/2 pulse and
the start of the second pi/2 pulse.
artificial_detuning
frequency in Hz of the software emulated, or ``artificial`` qubit detuning, which is
implemented by changing the phase of the second pi/2 (recovery) pulse. The
artificial detuning changes the observed frequency of the Ramsey oscillation,
which can be useful to distinguish a slow oscillation due to a small physical
detuning from the decay of the dephasing noise.
qubit
the name of the qubit e.g., :code:`"q0"` to perform the Ramsey experiment on.
repetitions
The amount of times the Schedule will be repeated.
Returns
-------
:
An experiment schedule.
"""
# ensure times is an iterable when passing floats.
times = np.asarray(times)
times = times.reshape(times.shape or (1,))
schedule = Schedule("Ramsey", repetitions)
if isinstance(times, float):
times = [times]
for i, tau in enumerate(times):
schedule.add(Reset(qubit), label=f"Reset {i}")
schedule.add(X90(qubit))
# the phase of the second pi/2 phase progresses to propagate
recovery_phase = np.rad2deg(2 * np.pi * artificial_detuning * tau)
schedule.add(
Rxy(theta=90, phi=recovery_phase, qubit=qubit), ref_pt="start", rel_time=tau
)
schedule.add(Measure(qubit, acq_index=i), label=f"Measurement {i}")
return schedule
[docs]
def echo_sched(
times: Union[np.ndarray, float],
qubit: str,
repetitions: int = 1,
) -> Schedule:
"""
Generate a schedule for performing an Echo experiment to measure the qubit
echo-dephasing time :math:`T_2^{E}`.
Schedule sequence
.. centered:: Reset -- pi/2 -- Idle(tau/2) -- pi -- Idle(tau/2) -- pi/2 -- Measure
See section III.B.2. of :cite:t:`krantz_quantum_2019` for an explanation of the Bloch-Redfield
model of decoherence and the echo experiment.
Parameters
----------
qubit
the name of the qubit e.g., "q0" to perform the echo experiment on.
times
an array of wait times. Used as
tau/2 wait time between the start of the first pi/2 pulse and pi pulse,
tau/2 wait time between the start of the pi pulse and the final pi/2 pulse.
repetitions
The amount of times the Schedule will be repeated.
Returns
-------
:
An experiment schedule.
"""
# ensure times is an iterable when passing floats.
times = np.asarray(times)
times = times.reshape(times.shape or (1,))
schedule = Schedule("Echo", repetitions)
for i, tau in enumerate(times):
schedule.add(Reset(qubit), label=f"Reset {i}")
schedule.add(X90(qubit))
schedule.add(X(qubit), ref_pt="start", rel_time=tau / 2)
schedule.add(X90(qubit), ref_pt="start", rel_time=tau / 2)
schedule.add(Measure(qubit, acq_index=i), label=f"Measurement {i}")
return schedule
[docs]
def cpmg_sched(
n_gates: int,
times: Union[np.ndarray, float],
qubit: str,
variant: Literal["X", "Y", "XY"] = "X",
artificial_detuning: float = 0,
repetitions: int = 1,
) -> Schedule:
"""
Generate a schedule for performing a CPMG (n gates) experiment to measure the qubit
dephasing time :math:`T_2^{CPMG}` with dynamical decoupling.
Schedule sequence
.. centered:: Reset -- pi/2 -- [Idle(tau/(2n)) -- pi -- Idle(tau/2n)]*n -- pi/2 -- Measure
.. Idle time includes the pi pulse duration!
Parameters
----------
n_gates
Number of CPMG Gates. Note that `n_gates=1` corresponds to an Echo experiment (:func:`~.echo_sched`).
qubit
The name of the qubit, e.g., "q0", to perform the echo experiment on.
times
An array of wait times between the pi/2 pulses. The wait times are
subdivided into multiple IdlePulse(time/(2n)) operations. Be aware that
time/(2n) must be an integer multiple of your hardware backend grid
time.
variant
CPMG using either pi_x ("X"), pi_y ("Y") or interleaved pi_x/pi_y ("XY") gates, default is "X".
artificial_detuning:
The frequency in Hz of the software emulated, or ``artificial`` qubit detuning, which is
implemented by changing the phase of the second pi/2 (recovery) pulse. The
artificial detuning changes the observed frequency of the Ramsey oscillation,
which can be useful to distinguish a slow oscillation due to a small physical
detuning from the decay of the dephasing noise.
repetitions
The amount of times the Schedule will be repeated, default is 1.
Returns
-------
:
An experiment schedule.
"""
if variant not in ["X", "Y", "XY"]:
raise ValueError(
f"Unknown variant '{variant}'. Variant must be one of ('X', 'Y', 'XY')."
)
# ensure times is an iterable when passing floats.
times = np.asarray(times)
times = times.reshape(times.shape or (1,))
if np.log2(n_gates) % 1 != 0:
raise ValueError(f"{n_gates=} is not a power of 2.")
schedule = Schedule("CPMG", repetitions)
for i, tau in enumerate(times):
idle_time = tau / (2 * n_gates)
schedule.add(Reset(qubit), label=f"Reset {i}")
schedule.add(X90(qubit))
inner = Schedule("inner")
if variant != "XY":
inner.add(IdlePulse(duration=idle_time))
if variant == "X":
echo_gate = X(qubit)
elif variant == "Y":
echo_gate = Y(qubit)
inner.add(echo_gate, label=f"pi {i}")
inner.add(IdlePulse(duration=idle_time), ref_pt="start")
n_reps = n_gates
else:
if n_gates < 2:
raise ValueError(
f"{n_gates=}, but the minimum number of gates "
"for an XY interleaved schedule is 2."
)
inner.add(IdlePulse(duration=idle_time))
inner.add(X(qubit), label=f"pi_x {i}")
inner.add(IdlePulse(duration=2 * idle_time), ref_pt="start")
inner.add(Y(qubit), label=f"pi_y {i}")
inner.add(IdlePulse(duration=idle_time), ref_pt="start")
n_reps = int(n_gates / 2)
schedule.add(
LoopOperation(body=inner, repetitions=n_reps),
label=f"loop {i}",
ref_pt="start",
# 4ns has to be added to not include the first X90 in the inner_loop,
# otherwise inner schedule and X90 would begin at the same time.
rel_time=4e-9,
)
recovery_phase = np.rad2deg(2 * np.pi * artificial_detuning * tau)
schedule.add(Rxy(theta=90, phi=recovery_phase, qubit=qubit))
schedule.add(Measure(qubit, acq_index=i), label=f"Measurement {i}")
return schedule
[docs]
def allxy_sched(
qubit: str,
element_select_idx: Union[np.ndarray, int] = np.arange(21),
repetitions: int = 1,
) -> Schedule:
"""
Generate a schedule for performing an AllXY experiment.
Schedule sequence
.. centered:: Reset -- Rxy[0] -- Rxy[1] -- Measure
for a specific set of combinations of x90, x180, y90, y180 and idle rotations.
See section 2.3.2 of :cite:t:`reed_entanglement_2013` for an explanation of
the AllXY experiment and it's applications in diagnosing errors in single-qubit
control pulses.
Parameters
----------
qubit
the name of the qubit e.g., :code:`"q0"` to perform the experiment on.
element_select_idx
the index of the particular element of the AllXY experiment to exectute.
repetitions
The amount of times the Schedule will be repeated.
Returns
-------
:
An experiment schedule.
"""
element_idxs = np.asarray(element_select_idx)
element_idxs = element_idxs.reshape(element_idxs.shape or (1,))
# all combinations of Idle, X90, Y90, X180 and Y180 gates that are part of
# the AllXY experiment
allxy_combinations = [
[(0, 0), (0, 0)],
[(180, 0), (180, 0)],
[(180, 90), (180, 90)],
[(180, 0), (180, 90)],
[(180, 90), (180, 0)],
[(90, 0), (0, 0)],
[(90, 90), (0, 0)],
[(90, 0), (90, 90)],
[(90, 90), (90, 0)],
[(90, 0), (180, 90)],
[(90, 90), (180, 0)],
[(180, 0), (90, 90)],
[(180, 90), (90, 0)],
[(90, 0), (180, 0)],
[(180, 0), (90, 0)],
[(90, 90), (180, 90)],
[(180, 90), (90, 90)],
[(180, 0), (0, 0)],
[(180, 90), (0, 0)],
[(90, 0), (90, 0)],
[(90, 90), (90, 90)],
]
schedule = Schedule("AllXY", repetitions)
for i, elt_idx in enumerate(element_idxs):
# check index valid
if elt_idx > len(allxy_combinations) or elt_idx < 0:
raise ValueError(
f"Invalid index selected: {elt_idx}. "
"Index must be in range 0 to 21 inclusive."
)
((th0, phi0), (th1, phi1)) = allxy_combinations[elt_idx]
schedule.add(Reset(qubit), label=f"Reset {i}")
schedule.add(Rxy(qubit=qubit, theta=th0, phi=phi0))
schedule.add(Rxy(qubit=qubit, theta=th1, phi=phi1))
schedule.add(Measure(qubit, acq_index=i), label=f"Measurement {i}")
return schedule
[docs]
def readout_calibration_sched(
qubit: str,
prepared_states: List[int],
repetitions: int = 1,
acq_protocol: Literal[
"SSBIntegrationComplex", "ThresholdedAcquisition"
] = "SSBIntegrationComplex",
) -> Schedule:
r"""
A schedule for readout calibration. Prepares a state and immediately performs
a measurement.
Parameters
----------
qubit
the name of the qubit e.g., :code:`"q0"` to perform the experiment on.
prepared_states
the states to prepare the qubit in before measuring as in integer corresponding
to the ground (0), first-excited (1) or second-excited (2) state.
repetitions
The number of shots to acquire, sets the number of times the schedule will
be repeated.
acq_protocol
The acquisition protocol used for the readout calibration. By default
"SSBIntegrationComplex", but "ThresholdedAcquisition" can be
used for verifying thresholded acquisition parameters with this function (see
:doc:`/tutorials/Conditional Reset`).
Returns
-------
:
An experiment schedule.
Raises
------
ValueError
If the prepared state is not either 0, 1, or 2.
NotImplementedError
If the prepared state is 2.
"""
schedule = Schedule(f"Readout calibration {qubit}, {prepared_states}", repetitions)
for i, prep_state in enumerate(prepared_states):
schedule.add(Reset(qubit), label=f"Reset {i}")
if prep_state == 0:
pass
elif prep_state == 1:
schedule.add(Rxy(qubit=qubit, theta=180, phi=0))
elif prep_state == 2:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Preparing the qubit in the second excited (2) "
"state is not supported yet."
)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Prepared state ({prep_state}) must be either 0, 1 or 2.")
schedule.add(
Measure(
qubit, acq_index=i, bin_mode=BinMode.APPEND, acq_protocol=acq_protocol
),
label=f"Measurement {i}",
)
return schedule
[docs]
def rabi_pulse_sched(
mw_G_amp: float,
mw_D_amp: float,
mw_frequency: float,
mw_clock: str,
mw_port: str,
mw_pulse_duration: float,
ro_pulse_amp: float,
ro_pulse_duration: float,
ro_pulse_delay: float,
ro_pulse_port: str,
ro_pulse_clock: str,
ro_pulse_frequency: float,
ro_acquisition_delay: float,
ro_integration_time: float,
init_duration: float,
repetitions: int = 1,
) -> Schedule:
"""
Generate a schedule for performing a Rabi experiment using a
:func:`quantify_scheduler.waveforms.drag` pulse.
.. note::
This function allows specifying a Rabi experiment directly using the pulse-level
abstraction. For most applications we recommend using :func:`rabi_sched`
instead.
Parameters
----------
mw_G_amp
amplitude of the gaussian component of a DRAG pulse.
mw_D_amp
amplitude of the derivative-of-gaussian component of a DRAG pulse.
mw_frequency
frequency of the DRAG pulse.
mw_clock
reference clock used to track the qubit 01 transition.
mw_port
location on the device where the pulse should be applied.
mw_pulse_duration
duration of the DRAG pulse. Corresponds to 4 sigma.
ro_pulse_amp
amplitude of the readout pulse in Volt.
ro_pulse_duration
duration of the readout pulse in seconds.
ro_pulse_delay
time between the end of the spectroscopy pulse and the start of the readout
pulse.
ro_pulse_port
location on the device where the readout pulse should be applied.
ro_pulse_clock
reference clock used to track the readout frequency.
ro_pulse_frequency
frequency of the spectroscopy pulse and of the data acquisition in Hertz.
ro_acquisition_delay
start of the data acquisition with respect to the start of the readout pulse
in seconds.
ro_integration_time
integration time of the data acquisition in seconds.
init_duration :
The relaxation time or dead time.
repetitions
The amount of times the Schedule will be repeated.
"""
schedule = Schedule("Rabi schedule (pulse)", repetitions)
schedule.add_resource(ClockResource(name=mw_clock, freq=mw_frequency))
schedule.add_resource(ClockResource(name=ro_pulse_clock, freq=ro_pulse_frequency))
schedule.add(IdlePulse(duration=init_duration), label="qubit reset")
schedule.add(
DRAGPulse(
duration=mw_pulse_duration,
G_amp=mw_G_amp,
D_amp=mw_D_amp,
port=mw_port,
clock=mw_clock,
phase=0,
),
label="Rabi_pulse",
ref_pt="end",
)
ro_pulse = schedule.add(
SquarePulse(
duration=ro_pulse_duration,
amp=ro_pulse_amp,
port=ro_pulse_port,
clock=ro_pulse_clock,
),
label="readout_pulse",
rel_time=ro_pulse_delay,
)
schedule.add(
SSBIntegrationComplex(
duration=ro_integration_time,
port=ro_pulse_port,
clock=ro_pulse_clock,
acq_index=0,
acq_channel=0,
),
ref_op=ro_pulse,
ref_pt="start",
rel_time=ro_acquisition_delay,
label="acquisition",
)
return schedule
